Manufacture

Methods for measuring tapers and angles Taper and angle are common geometric parameters of mechanical parts, widely used in key components such as cutting tools, molds, and machine tool spindles. Their measurement accuracy directly affects the assembly performance and motion accuracy of the parts. Taper refers to the ratio of the base diameter of a cone to its height, whileMore

Turning of Cast Nickel-Based High-Temperature Alloy Channel Rollers Cast nickel-based superalloy material channel rollers are core components of continuous casting equipment in the metallurgical industry. Operating under high temperatures of 800-1000°C for extended periods, they are subject to significant friction and thermal shock, placing extremely high demands on turning quality. These rollers typically have a complex hub structure, and theirMore

Turning of cast iron cross joints Cast iron cross joints, a key component for achieving multi-directional connections in mechanical transmission systems, are widely used in automotive steering mechanisms, hydraulic piping for construction machinery, and other applications. The quality of their turning directly impacts the equipment’s assembly precision and operational reliability. These parts typically feature four connecting ports at 90° anglesMore

Turning of eccentric sleeves at both ends of cast iron Cast iron eccentric sleeves are key components for achieving eccentric motion in mechanical transmissions. The inner and outer axis of the sleeves at each end have a certain eccentricity (typically 1-10mm). Machining accuracy directly impacts the smoothness of the mechanism’s motion and transmission efficiency. Due to the brittleness and wearMore

Turning of large diameter inner sphere of cast iron Turning large-diameter cast iron internal spherical surfaces is one of the most challenging machining processes. Its machining quality directly impacts the sealing performance and motion accuracy of key components such as hydraulic cylinders and valve housings. Large-diameter internal spherical surfaces typically refer to spherical structures with a diameter exceeding 500mm. DueMore

Grinding allowance of shaft and sleeve parts As core components in mechanical transmission systems, the precision of shafts and sleeves directly affects the operational stability and service life of the equipment. Proper determination of grinding allowance is a key step in ensuring machining accuracy. Machining allowance refers to the thickness of the metal layer removed from the surface to beMore

Processing technology of bracket sleeve Bracket sleeves are key components in mechanical structures that provide support, guidance, or connection. They are widely used in machine tool guideways, automotive chassis, and construction machinery. Their machining requires guaranteed inner and outer bore coaxiality (≤0.02mm), end face perpendicularity to the axis (≤0.01mm/100mm), and inner bore dimensional accuracy (typically H7-H8). Bracket sleeves are typicallyMore

Turning eccentric workpieces on a self-centering chuck Turning eccentric workpieces using a self-centering chuck utilizes a modified, conventional three-jaw chuck or specialized clamping methods to achieve the machining of parts such as eccentric shafts and eccentric sleeves. This method is suitable for small- to medium-volume production and workpieces with small eccentricities (typically ≤5mm). The advantages of a self-centering chuck lieMore

Milling workpieces on a lathe Milling workpieces on a lathe is a flexible, multi-faceted machining method. By adding milling accessories (such as milling cutter heads and dividing heads) to the lathe, it can machine non-rotating surfaces such as flat surfaces, grooves, and keyways on rotating parts, eliminating the need for frequent equipment changes. This method is particularly suitable for small-More

Turning method of tapered hole Tapered holes are crucial for positioning, sealing, or transmission in mechanical parts, such as spindle bores, bearing housing bores, and valve bores. Turning these holes requires consistent taper accuracy (tolerance ±0.005 mm/m), taper contact ratio (≥75%), and surface roughness (Ra ≤ 1.6 μm). These parameters directly impact part fit. Taper for tapered holes typically usesMore

Main parameters of cylindrical worm A cylindrical worm is the active component in a worm drive. It meshes with a worm wheel to achieve staggered transmission (typically with a 90° intersecting angle ). It features a high transmission ratio ( 10-80 ), compact structure, and smooth operation. It is widely used in machine tool feed mechanisms, lifting equipment, precision instruments,More

Cylindrical coil springs are the most widely used elastic elements in mechanical engineering. They achieve functions such as shock absorption, energy storage, and reset through their elastic deformation. They are widely used in automotive suspensions, machine tool fixtures, instrumentation, and other fields. The winding process must ensure spring diameter accuracy (tolerance ±0.5mm), pitch uniformity (deviation ≤0.3mm), free length (tolerance ±1mm),More

Tolerances of cylindrical gear tooth blanks Cylindrical gear blanks are the foundational raw materials for gear machining. Their tolerances (including dimensional tolerances, geometric tolerances, and surface roughness) directly impact the final machining accuracy and transmission performance of the gears. Control of gear blank tolerances must adhere to the “standardization” principle, using the blank’s inner bore (or shaft diameter) and endMore

Cylinder turning Cylinders are the core actuators in hydraulic systems, generating force or displacement output through the reciprocating motion of the piston. Turning operations require ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the inner bore (tolerance H7-H9), cylindricity (≤0.01mm/m), surface roughness (Ra ≤0.8μm), and perpendicularity to the flange end face (≤0.02mm/100mm). These parameters directly impact the cylinder’s sealing performance and smooth movement.More

Turning the forming surface by copying method The routing method is a key tool for efficiently machining complex curved surfaces (such as handles, cams, and mold cavities). Its core principle is to control the tool’s feed trajectory using a template (a template that matches the contour of the workpiece’s forming surface), allowing the tool to follow the guide curve, therebyMore

Cutting threads with dies and taps Thread cutting with dies and taps is the most commonly used threading method in machining. Characterized by ease of operation, low cost, and wide applicability, it is suitable for threading a variety of metal materials (steel, cast iron, non-ferrous metals) and non-metallic materials (plastics, wood), making it particularly well-suited for single-piece, small-batch production andMore

Turning of zinc alloy Zinc alloys are non-ferrous metals based on zinc with alloying elements such as aluminum, copper, and magnesium. They offer advantages such as low density (6.6-6.9 g/cm³), excellent casting properties, and low cost, making them widely used in automotive parts, electronic housings, and toy components. However, turning zinc alloys present unique challenges: low strength (tensile strength 100-300More

Turning method of slender shaft Slender shafts are typically difficult to machine in machining. These typically refer to shaft workpieces with an aspect ratio greater than 20, such as machine tool lead screws, hydraulic piston rods, and guide rods for textile machinery. The difficulty in turning these shafts lies in their extremely poor rigidity. Under the influence of cutting forces,More

Turning of slender rods Slender rods refer to shaft-like components (such as lead screws, piston rods, and guide rods) with an aspect ratio greater than 20. They are generally considered difficult to machine during turning due to their poor rigidity, high vibration, and significant thermal deformation. The turning of slender rods requires guaranteed straightness (≤0.1mm/m), cylindricity (≤0.01mm), and surface roughnessMore

Milling spline shaft Spline shafts are essential components for torque transmission in mechanical transmissions. By meshing multiple teeth on the shaft with the teeth of the spline sleeve, they offer strong load-bearing capacity, high centering accuracy, and smooth transmission. They are widely used in automotive transmissions, machine tool spindles, and construction machinery. The key to milling spline shafts is ensuringMore

Milling inner spherical surface Milling internal spherical surfaces is a machining process requiring high precision. It is commonly used to manufacture concave spherical surfaces in parts such as bearing seats, valve spools, and hydraulic components. It requires ensuring the surface’s roundness (≤0.01mm), surface roughness (Ra ≤1.6μm), and positional accuracy relative to relevant datums (e.g., perpendicularity to the end face ≤0.02mm).More

Turning of titanium alloys Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace, medical devices, and other fields due to their high strength (tensile strength 400-1400 MPa), low density (4.5 g/cm³), and excellent corrosion resistance. However, turning them is challenging, earning them the nickname “difficult-to-machine.” Titanium alloys have low thermal conductivity (approximately one-fifth that of steel), concentrating heat in the cutting zoneMore

Screw measurement As a precision transmission component, lead screws are widely used in CNC machine tools, precision instruments, and other equipment. Their accuracy directly determines the positioning precision of the transmission system (e.g., positioning error ≤ 0.01mm/1000mm). Lead screw measurement requires testing parameters such as lead error, pitch diameter error, thread profile half-angle error, and cumulative pitch error. Common methodsMore

Output shaft processing technology Output shafts are key components for transmitting power in mechanical transmission systems and are widely used in automobiles, machine tools, construction machinery, and other equipment. Their machining quality directly impacts the transmission accuracy and service life of the entire machine. Output shafts typically have a stepped shaft structure, incorporating features such as journals, keyways, and threads.More

Grinding wheel turning Grinding wheel turning (also known as grinding wheel dressing) is a critical process in the grinding wheel’s operation. Specialized dressing tools (such as diamond pens and dressing rollers) are used to cut the grinding wheel surface, removing dull abrasive grains and clogged grinding chips, restoring the wheel’s sharpness and geometric accuracy to ensure grinding efficiency and quality.More

Triangular thread turning tool Triangular thread turning tools are specialized tools for machining triangular threads (such as conventional threads and Whitworth threads). Their cutting edge shape perfectly matches the thread profile, and machining quality is directly dependent on the tool’s geometric parameters, grinding accuracy, and material selection. Triangular thread turning tools can be divided into external and internal thread turningMore

Crankshaft clamping method As a core component of internal combustion engines, compressors and other equipment, the crankshaft has a complex structure and consists of a main journal, connecting rod journal, crank arm, etc. The axes of each journal are parallel to each other but have eccentricity, making clamping much more difficult than ordinary shaft parts. The core goal of clampingMore

Spinning of spherical heads Spherical heads are key components of pressure vessels, storage tanks, pipelines, and other equipment. They feature uniform force distribution and excellent pressure resistance, making them widely used in the petrochemical, nuclear power, aerospace, and other fields. Spinning is an advanced process for manufacturing spherical heads. It uses a rotating mold to drive the blank, while aMore

Indexable inserts for cutting tools Indexable inserts for cutting tools are core components in modern metal cutting. Mechanically clamped to the cutter body, they offer advantages such as easy replacement, high cutting efficiency, and stable tool life. They have widely replaced traditional welded cutting tools and become the mainstream cutting tool for CNC machine tools and machining centers. The adventMore

Basic tooth profile of common thread The basic thread profile of common threads is the fundamental standard for thread design and processing. It specifies the thread geometry and dimensional parameters and is a key element in ensuring thread interchangeability and connection performance. Whether it’s bolt-nut connections in mechanical manufacturing or sealing threads in pipes, adherence to a unified basic threadMore

Plane machining allowance Plane machining allowance refers to the thickness of the metal layer removed from the blank surface to the finished part during planar machining. Its proper determination directly impacts part quality, production efficiency, and manufacturing costs. Excessive machining allowance increases cutting time and material consumption, exacerbating tool wear (for example, increasing the allowance from 2mm to 5mm canMore

Turning of eccentric workpieces An eccentric workpiece is one whose center of rotation does not coincide with its geometric center. These parts, such as eccentric shafts, eccentric sleeves, and crankshafts, are widely used in machine tools, internal combustion engines, pumps, and other equipment. The accuracy of their eccentricity directly affects the motion accuracy and balance performance of the equipment. TheMore

Turning of nickel-based high-temperature alloy step sleeves Nickel-based superalloy step sleeves are core components in high-temperature equipment such as aircraft engines and gas turbines. Operating in environments typically between 600°C and 1000°C, they withstand complex stress loads, placing extremely high demands on the material’s high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and machining precision. These step sleeves are often manufactured from nickel-based alloysMore

Turning of magnesium alloys Magnesium alloy, currently the lowest-density metal structural material (density 1.7-1.8 g/cm³), boasts high specific strength, excellent shock absorption, and superior thermal conductivity. It is widely used in aerospace, lightweight automotive, and consumer electronics applications. However, its turning presents unique challenges, including flammability, oxidation susceptibility, and a tendency toward work hardening. For example, magnesium alloy chips areMore

Turning of aluminum alloy sleeve Aluminum alloy sleeves are commonly used components in aerospace, automotive, and precision instrumentation. They offer advantages such as light weight, excellent thermal conductivity, and strong corrosion resistance. However, turning them presents challenges such as tool sticking, surface burrs, and difficulty controlling dimensional accuracy. Aluminum alloys have a low hardness (HB50-100) and good plasticity. During cutting,More

Comprehensive measurement method for threads Comprehensive thread measurement is a critical step in ensuring threaded connection performance and transmission accuracy. Using specialized measuring tools, it simultaneously inspects multiple thread parameters (such as thread angle, pitch, pitch diameter, major diameter, and minor diameter) to determine whether they meet design standards. Compared to single-item measurements (such as measuring the pitch diameter withMore

Correction of thread turning tool angle The accuracy of the thread turning tool angle directly determines the profile accuracy of the thread. Due to tool manufacturing errors, grinding deviations, or differences in the properties of the processed material, the thread turning tool angle must be adjusted in practice to compensate for processing errors. For example, when machining a standard M20×2More

Turning of Chilled Cast Iron Rolls Chilled cast iron rolls are core components of steel rolling equipment. Their surface layer is made of highly wear-resistant white cast iron (HRC 50-65 hardness), while their core is made of tough gray cast iron (HB 180-220 hardness). These material properties present significant challenges for turning. Turning results in severe tool wear, cracking ofMore

The serrated thread screw is a key component in mechanical transmission that withstands unidirectional axial forces. Its thread profile is serrated, with one side being the working surface (3° inclination) and the other side being the non-working surface (30° inclination). It is widely used in heavy equipment such as presses and rolling mills. When turning this type of screw, theMore

Turning of alloy steel bevel gear multi-start worm Alloy steel bevel gear multi-start worms are critical components in mechanical transmission systems. Their turning quality directly impacts transmission accuracy, load capacity, and service life. These components are typically manufactured from high-strength alloy steels such as 20CrMnTi and 40CrNiMo, which offer high hardness, toughness, and wear resistance. However, this also presents significantMore

Metal cutting process The metal cutting process is a physical process in which the relative motion between the tool and the workpiece causes the cut layer of metal to undergo plastic deformation and peel off into chips. It involves the intersection of multiple disciplines, including mechanics, thermodynamics, and materials science. The process can be divided into three stages: the elasticMore

Exchange gear table Interchangeable gear tables are the core parameter tables used by general-purpose machine tools like lathes and milling machines to achieve thread machining or feed motion. By combining gears with varying tooth counts, they convert spindle speed into tool feed or thread lead according to a specific transmission ratio. Traditional machine tools, lacking CNC systems, rely on interchangeableMore

Reduce thermal deformation, elongation and stress deformation of slender shafts When turning slender shafts, thermal deformation and elongation, as well as deformation under stress, are two key issues that affect machining accuracy, directly leading to defects such as bending, taper, and dimensional deviations in the workpiece. Slender shafts generally refer to shaft parts with an aspect ratio greater than 20.More

Turning of deformed workpieces Deformed workpieces, such as eccentric shafts, crankshafts, and special-shaped brackets, are irregularly shaped and complex, making them difficult to machine using conventional clamping methods. Turning these workpieces, often challenging in mechanical manufacturing, presents a significant challenge. Due to their asymmetrical shapes and center of gravity offset from the center of rotation, these workpieces are prone toMore

Whitworth thread tap types and specification ranges Whitworth threads, a typical representative of imperial threads, are widely used in machinery manufacturing, petrochemicals, aerospace, and other fields. Whitworth thread taps are key tools for machining these threads. Choosing the right type and specification directly impacts thread machining quality and efficiency. Whitworth thread taps are classified into various types based on machiningMore

Drilling of Oil Holes in the Spindle of Alloy Steel Grinding Machines As the core component of an alloy steel grinding machine spindle, its precision and performance directly impact the machine’s machining quality. The oil holes on the spindle are crucial for lubrication and cooling, so drilling these holes requires exceptional precision and reliability. While alloy steel possesses high strength,More

Rolling process parameters As an important surface strengthening and precision machining method, the proper selection of rolling parameters directly determines the surface quality, dimensional accuracy, and mechanical properties of the workpiece. The rolling process utilizes a rolling tool to apply a certain amount of pressure to the workpiece surface, causing plastic deformation of the surface metal, thereby reducing surface roughnessMore

The fit of rolling bearings is a critical step in mechanical design to ensure stable equipment operation. Its selection directly affects the bearing’s service life, operating accuracy, and the performance of the overall mechanical system. Bearing fit primarily refers to the connection between the inner ring and the shaft neck, and the outer ring and the bearing seat bore. AMore

Common defects in gear hobbing and their elimination methods Hobbing is one of the main methods of gear machining. The tooth profile is produced through the generating motion of the hob and the workpiece. Common defects include tooth profile error, pitch error, tooth direction error, surface roughness tolerance, and tooth gnawing. These defects will affect the meshing accuracy and serviceMore

Causes and prevention methods of scrap when tapping and threading Tapping (using a tap to produce internal threads) and threading (using a die to produce external threads) are common methods for thread processing. Improper operation can easily result in scrap. Common types of scrap include out-of-tolerance thread dimensions, skewed tooth profile, rotten teeth, and slipped threads. Out-of-tolerance thread dimensions referMore

High-temperature alloy turning Superalloys are a class of alloys that maintain high strength, oxidation resistance, and toughness at temperatures exceeding 600°C. They are widely used in high-end equipment such as aircraft engines and gas turbines. Their high heat-resistant properties, combined with their high plasticity and low thermal conductivity (only 1/5 to 1/3 that of 45 steel), make turning them challenging.More

Practical process parameters and tools for turning high-strength steel High-strength steel, defined as steel with a yield strength greater than 345 MPa, is widely used in aerospace, bridges, pressure vessels, and other fields. However, its turning process presents numerous challenges due to its high strength, hardness, and low plasticity. High-strength steel has a complex chemical composition, containing alloying elements suchMore

Terminology of steel material properties The terminology of steel material properties is a professional vocabulary that describes the various characteristics of steel materials. Accurately understanding these terms is of great significance for the selection, processing, and application of materials. The properties of steel materials mainly include mechanical properties, physical properties, chemical properties, and process properties. Each type of property hasMore

Turning of steel lathe spindles The steel lathe spindle is a core component of the lathe, fulfilling the crucial function of rotating the workpiece. Its machining quality directly impacts the lathe’s precision and service life. Steel lathe spindles are typically manufactured from high-quality structural alloy steels such as 45 steel and 40Cr. Some high-precision spindles utilize nitrided steels such asMore

Measurement of pitch circle chordal tooth thickness The pitch circle chordal tooth thickness refers to the chord length between the tooth flanks on either side of the gear’s pitch circle. It is a key indicator of gear precision testing and directly affects gear meshing performance and transmission accuracy. Measuring pitch circle chordal tooth thickness is a key step in gearMore

Multi-start thread turning A multi-start thread refers to a thread with two or more spiral lines along the axial direction. Its lead is the product of the pitch and the number of lines. It has the characteristics of high transmission efficiency and strong load-bearing capacity, and is widely used in machine tools, mining machinery, aerospace and other fields. The keyMore

The cutting angle is the core of tool geometry, encompassing rake angle, clearance angle, primary rake angle, secondary rake angle, and inclination angle. These angles directly influence cutting forces, cutting temperatures, tool wear, and surface quality during the cutting process. The rake angle, defined as the angle between the tool’s rake face and the base plane, primarily functions to minimizeMore

Turning of large cylinders Large hydraulic cylinders are key components in hydraulic systems and are widely used in engineering machinery, metallurgical equipment, and shipbuilding. Their large size, heavy weight, and high precision requirements make turning them challenging. Large cylinders typically consist of a cylinder barrel, base, and head, with the inner and outer diameters of the barrel being the primaryMore

Turning of hardened bearing sleeves Quenched bearing sleeves are key components in mechanical transmissions, requiring high hardness and wear resistance on both inner and outer surfaces. They are typically made from bearing steel (such as GCr15) after quenching, achieving a hardness of HRC 60-65. This presents significant challenges in turning. The difficulties in turning quenched bearing sleeves primarily stem fromMore

Rack accuracy As an important transmission component, the accuracy of the rack directly affects the smoothness, accuracy and service life of the mechanical transmission. The rack accuracy mainly includes pitch accuracy, tooth shape accuracy, tooth direction accuracy and tooth surface roughness. Pitch accuracy is one of the core indicators of rack accuracy. It refers to the distance deviation between theMore

Turning of formed surface workpieces Forming surface workpieces refer to parts with curved contours, such as handles, balls, and cams. Ensuring contour accuracy and surface quality is crucial for turning these surfaces. Common machining methods include two-handed control, forming tool turning, profiling, and CNC turning. The two-handed control method involves simultaneously operating the lathe’s longitudinal and transverse feed handles, movingMore

Dimension Control Method When Turning a Cone When turning a cone, dimensional control is the key to ensuring the accuracy of the conical part, which mainly includes two aspects: taper accuracy control and diameter size control. Common control methods include trial cutting, calculation, template method, and special measuring tool measurement method. The trial cutting method is the most basic andMore

Turning external conical surface Turning external conical surfaces is a common process in mechanical machining. Its core is to ensure the taper accuracy and surface quality of the conical surface. Common processing methods include rotating the small slide method, offset tailstock method, profiling method and wide-blade knife turning method. Rotating the small slide method is one of the most commonlyMore

Aluminum alloy turning tools Aluminum alloys, due to their low density, high strength, and corrosion resistance, are widely used in aerospace, automotive, and electronic equipment applications. The choice of turning tools for aluminum alloys directly impacts machining efficiency and surface quality. The cutting characteristics of aluminum alloys differ significantly from those of ferrous metals like steel. While they have lowerMore

Tools and methods for turning slender shafts Slender shafts are shaft parts with a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 20. Their turning poses a challenge due to their poor rigidity and proneness to deformation. The proper selection of cutting tools and machining methods is crucial for ensuring machining quality. Slender shafts are primarily characterized by low rigidity, making them susceptible toMore

Multi-start thread turning is a complex machining process. Maintaining the precision between each thread run is crucial, and the calculation and line division method for the interchanging gear is crucial to ensuring this accuracy. The lead of a multi-start thread is the product of the pitch and the number of runs. Therefore, in the lathe transmission system, interchanging gears areMore

Positioning and clamping method of turning tool blade The positioning of turning tool inserts is fundamental to ensuring cutting accuracy. Its purpose is to position the insert correctly on the tool shank, ensuring that the angle and positional accuracy of the cutting edge meet design requirements. Positioning accuracy directly affects the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of machined parts. InaccurateMore

Lathe knurling Lathe knurling is a process in which a knurling tool is used to create a pattern on the surface of a workpiece during lathe machining. The purpose is to increase friction on the workpiece surface, making it easier to grip or aesthetically pleasing. Knurling is widely used in the manufacture of various tools, handles, knobs, and other parts,More

Types, specification ranges and standard codes of commonly used milling cutters Milling cutters are commonly used in machining operations. They come in a wide variety of types to suit different machining needs. They can be categorized by application, including face milling cutters, end mills, side and face milling cutters, keyway milling cutters, and form milling cutters. Face milling cutters areMore

Common gear hobbing machine contact dimensions As a key piece of equipment for gear processing, gear hobbing machines require a series of dimensions related to their installation, adjustment, workpiece clamping, and tool configuration. These parameters directly impact gear processing accuracy and efficiency and serve as crucial considerations for equipment selection and process design. These dimensions primarily include workpiece mounting dimensions,More

Common die specification range and standard code Dies, as tools for producing external threads, are widely used in machinery manufacturing, maintenance, and other fields. Their specification ranges and standard codes are crucial for ensuring consistency and interchangeability in thread production. Common die specifications are primarily categorized by thread diameter and pitch, and can be divided into three main categories: metric,More

Cutting conditions for stainless steel Stainless steel, due to its excellent corrosion resistance, toughness, and strength, is widely used in the chemical, medical, and food processing industries. However, its cutting process presents numerous challenges due to its material properties, making proper cutting conditions crucial. Stainless steel has a low thermal conductivity, only one-third to one-half that of ordinary carbon steel.More

Turning of irregular parts Irregular parts are widely used in the field of mechanical manufacturing. Their complex shapes and variable sizes bring many difficulties to turning processing. Compared with regular parts, irregular parts often do not have a symmetrical center of rotation, and the center of gravity offset phenomenon is obvious. During the turning process, large centrifugal forces are easilyMore

Turning of deformed high temperature alloy threaded sleeve Deformed high-temperature alloy threaded sleeves are widely used in high-end equipment fields such as aerospace and petrochemicals because they can maintain good mechanical properties under high temperature, high pressure and corrosive environments. However, their turning processing faces many challenges. Deformed high-temperature alloys have the characteristics of high hardness and high strength. TheMore

Austenitic stainless steel shafts are widely used in the field of mechanical manufacturing due to their excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength, and deep hole drilling is a difficult process in the machining process. The core challenge of deep hole drilling is that the depth to diameter ratio of the hole is usually more than 5 times, and it isMore

Milling constant velocity disc cam Constant velocity disc cams are key components for achieving constant reciprocating motion in mechanical components. They are widely used in applications such as automatic machine tools, textile machinery, and printing equipment. Their profile curves must ensure uniform velocity (zero acceleration) of the follower during motion, avoiding shock and vibration. The key to milling a constantMore

Calculation of Gear Exchange by Turning Thread on Horizontal Lathe When turning threads on a horizontal lathe, the function of the interchanging gear (hanging gear) is to transmit the rotational motion of the main shaft to the leadscrew at a certain transmission ratio, so that the movement of the workpiece and the tool maintains a strict speed ratio relationship, therebyMore

Turning of external tapered shafts External tapered shafts are crucial components for torque transmission and positioning in mechanical transmissions. They are widely used in applications such as machine tool spindles, automotive drive shafts, and reducer output shafts. Their tapered surfaces must closely mate with corresponding internal tapered parts, and the accuracy of this fit directly impacts the equipment’s transmission efficiencyMore

Turning of Copper Alloy Spindle Sliding Bearing Taper Sleeve Copper alloy spindle bearing taper sleeves (referred to as copper alloy taper sleeves) are key components supporting the spindle’s rotation in equipment such as machine tools and steam turbines. Their tapered inner surface mates with the spindle’s tapered journal, allowing for axial adjustment of the clearance (typically controlled within 0.01-0.03mm). TheyMore

Turning of Trapezoidal Thread Long Lead Screws Trapezoidal thread long lead screws are core transmission components for machine tool feed systems, precision worktables, and other equipment. Their lengths often exceed 1m (even over 5m) and feature a large aspect ratio (≥20). Turning them presents challenges such as poor rigidity, vibration, and large cumulative pitch errors. Compared to short lead screws,More

Diameter and pitch of trapezoidal threads The diameter and pitch of a trapezoidal thread are the core parameters that determine its transmission performance and structural dimensions, and directly affect the thread’s load-bearing capacity, fit accuracy, and interchangeability. In mechanical design, the diameter of a trapezoidal thread usually refers to the nominal diameter (i.e., major diameter), while the pitch is theMore

Trapezoidal thread turning Trapezoidal threads are a common thread type used in mechanical transmissions (such as machine tool lead screws and jack screws). Their thread profile is an isosceles trapezoid (with a 30° thread angle), offering high transmission efficiency and strong load-bearing capacity. Turning them requires guaranteed thread profile accuracy, lead accuracy, and surface quality. Compared to conventional triangular threads,More

Turning of sleeve-type workpieces Sleeve-type workpieces are common components in machining, such as bearing sleeves, bushings, and hydraulic cylinders. Their structural characteristics are characterized by an inner bore and an outer diameter, and most require geometric and positional tolerances such as coaxiality (≤0.02mm) and perpendicularity (≤0.01mm/m) between the end faces and the axis. The challenge in turning sleeves lies inMore

Titanium alloy bevel gears are widely used in high-end transmission systems such as aerospace and marine propulsion due to their high strength, low density, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, their turning process presents multiple challenges. Bevel gears feature a conical spiral structure, a complex tooth profile, and high precision requirements (pitch cumulative error ≤ 0.02mm ). Titanium alloy inherently hasMore